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The influence of herbicides, phosphorus fertilization, and mechanical and chemical seedbed preparation on the establishment of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus conrniculatus L.)

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Title The influence of herbicides, phosphorus fertilization, and mechanical and chemical seedbed preparation on the establishment of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus conrniculatus L.)
Names Valdes Lamar, Ramon (creator)
Furtick, William R. (advisor)
Date Issued 1967-05-08 (iso8601)
Note Graduation date: 1967
Abstract Initial
establishment
of
legume
forage
crops
is
of
prime
importance
in
determining
future
forage
and
seed
production.
The
objective
of
this
study
was
to
determine
the
influence
of
herbicides,
phosphorus
fertilization,
and
seedbed
preparation
on
the
establishment
of
alfalfa
and
birdsfoot
trefoil.
Experiments
were
designed
to
study
the
influence
of
herbicides
applied
alone
or
in
combination
with
phosphorus
fertilization
on
the
establishment
of
alfalfa
and
birdsfoot
trefoil.
The
phosphorus
treatments
consisted
of
different
levels
of
P₂O₅ (0-50-100
pounds
per
acre)
using
two
methods
of
application,
broadcast
and
band. The
herbicide
treatments
included
Ethyl
N,
N-dipropylthiolcarbamate
(EPTC)
at
3
pounds
active
ingredient
per
acre
(lb.
ai/A)
+
4-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)
butyric
acid
(2, 4-DB
amine)
at
1
lb.
ai/A;
EPTC
3
lb.
ai/A
+
2-sec-butyl-4, 6-dinitrophenol
(DNBP
amine)
at
2
lb.
ai/A;
2, 2-dichloropropionic
acid
(dalapon)
5
lb.
ai/A
+
2, 4-DB
amine
1
lb.
ai/A;
and
an
untreated
control.
EPTC
was
applied
as
a
pre-plant
incorporated
treatment,
whereas
DNBP,
2, 4-DB,
and
dalapon
were
applied
when
the
legumes
were
in
the
two
to
four
true
leaf
stage
of
growth.
Results
for
both
alfalfa
and
birdsfoot
trefoil
were
similar.
Phosphorus
applications
did
not
enhance
the
establishment
of
the
legumes.
This
may
have
been
due
to
an
adequate
phosphorus
supply
already
present
in
the
soil.
Phosphorus
application
without
herbicide
application
resulted
in
weedy
stands
in
which
the
legume
yield
was
greatly
reduced.
The
addition
of
phosphorus
to
herbicide
treatments
did
not
enhance
the
yield
of
alfalfa
or
birdsfoot
trefoil
any
more
than
did
the
herbicide
treatments
alone.
The
effectiveness
of
herbicide
applications
in
eliminating
weed
competition
from
the
legume
seedlings
varied
considerably.
The
best
treatment
for
the
establishment
of
both
alfalfa
and
birdsfoot trefoil
was
the
combination
of
EPTC
+
DNBP
amine.
This
treatment
gave
good
to
excellent
control
of
oats
(Ayena
spp.),
ryegrass
(Lolium
spp.),
cornflower
(Centaurea
cyanus
L.),
burnet (Sanguisorba
spp.),
henbit
(Lamium
amplexicaule
L.),
and
mayweed
(Anthemis
cotula
L.);
fair
control
of
wild
radish
(Raphanus
raphanistrum
L.),
and
wild
mustard
(Brassica
kaber
(D. C.)
Wheeler
var.
pinnatifida
(Stokes)
Wheeler);
and
poor
control
of
vetch
(Vicia
spp.).
EPTC
+
2, 4-DB
amine
was
significantly
better
than
dalapon
+
2, 4-DB
or
the
untreated
control.
This
combination
gave
good
to
excellent
control
of
oats,
ryegrass,
burnet,
henbit,
and
mayweed,
but
poor
control
of
wild
radish,
wild
mustard,
cornflower,
and
vetch.
The
dalapon
+
2, 4-DB
amine
treatment
was
not
significantly
different
from
the
check
and
resulted
in
poor
control
of
all
weed
species.
Two
experiments
were
designed
to
compare
the
effectiveness
of
chemical
seedbed
preparation
using
1, 1'-dimethyl-4,
4'-dipyridy-lium
salt
(Paraquat),
mechanical
seedbed
preparation
by
use
of a
rotary
tiller
or
a
rake,
and
the
chemical
treatment
of
EPTC
3
lb.
ai/A
+
DNBP
amine
2 lb.
ai/A
on
the
establishment
of
alfalfa
and
birdsfoot
trefoil.
Duplicate
experiments
were
conducted
on
alfalfa
and
birdsfoot
trefoil.
The
treatment
involving
EPTC
+
DNBP
amine
was
the
most
effective
treatment
for
the
establishment
of
both
alfalfa
and
birdsfoot
trefoil.
Paraquat
and
rototilling
or
raking
were
ineffective
in
controlling
weeds.
In
each
case,
the
high
weed
population
greatly
decreased
the
alfalfa
or
birdsfoot
trefoil
yields.
The poor
results
obtained
with
paraquat
were
due
to
poor
weed
emergence prior
to
the
application
of
the
chemical.
Raking
gave
poor
control
of
germinating
weed
seeds
present
in
the
top
inches
of
the
soil.
The
rotary
tilling
may
have
brought
dormant
weed
seeds
to
the
surface
where
they
germinated
and
emerged
after
the
tillage
treatment.
Genre Thesis/Dissertation
Topic Alfalfa
Identifier http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47252

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