Record Details
Using tracer observations to reduce the uncertainty of ocean diapycnal mixing and climate–carbon cycle projections
ScholarsArchive at Oregon State University
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Title | Using tracer observations to reduce the uncertainty of ocean diapycnal mixing and climate–carbon cycle projections |
| Names |
Schmittner, Andreas
(creator) Urban, Nathan M. (creator) Keller, Klaus (creator) Matthews, Damon (creator) |
| Date Issued | 2009-10-20 (iso8601) |
| Note | Copyright 2009 by the American Geophysical Union. |
| Abstract | What is the uncertainty of climate-carbon cycle projections in response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and how can we reduce this uncertainty? We address this question by quantifying the ability of available ocean tracer observations to constrain the values of diapycnal diffusivity in the pelagic ocean (Kv), a key uncertain parameter representing sub-gridscale diapycnal (vertical) mixing in physical circulation models. We show that model versions with weak mixing (i.e., low Kv) lead to higher projections of atmospheric CO2 and larger global warming than models with vigorous mixing. Slower heat uptake as well as slower carbon uptake by the oceans contribute about equally to the accelerated warming in the low mixing models. A Bayesian data-model fusion method is developed to quantify the likelihood of different structural and parametric model choices given an array of observed 20th century ocean tracer distributions. These spatially resolved observations provide strong limits on the upper value of Kv, whereas global metrics used in previous studies—such as the historical evolution of global average surface air temperature, global ocean heat uptake, or atmospheric CO2 concentration—provide only poor constraints. We compare different methods to quantify the probability of a particular diffusivity value given the observational constraints. One-dimensional, globally horizontally averaged data result in sharper probability density functions compared with the full 3D fields. This perhaps unexpected result opens up an avenue to objectively determine the optimal degree of aggregation at which model predictions have skill, and at which observations are most helpful in constraining model parameters. Our best estimate for Kv in the pelagic pycnocline is around 0.05-0.2 cm2/s, in agreement with earlier independent estimates based on tracer dispersion experiments and turbulence microstructure measurements. |
| Genre | Article |
| Topic | Climate |
| Identifier | Schmittner, A., N. M. Urban, K. Keller, and D. Matthews (2009), Using tracer observations to reduce the uncertainty of 31 ocean diapycnal mixing and climate–carbon cycle projections, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, XXXXXX, doi:10.1029/2008GB003421 |
