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This model of adaptive management offered the Council two opportunities: a way to proceed in the face of uncertainty, and a counter-weight to the assumptions of traditional management. The uncertainty of mitigation would be...
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Managing ecosystems for experimental purposes. Adaptive management seemed to assume that problems in the Columbia River would lend themselves to laboratory-style testing in which some variables could be controlled, others manipulated, and changes...
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Columbia system can do little in comparison to natural fluctuations. The dashed line on Figure 2 (page 31) shows the kind of change in the hydrograph we have achieved through storage releases since the early 1980s. Even with the relatively large...
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measures and fluctuating natural conditions to see if the comparative efficacy of the two techniques varied with different climatic conditions. Because natural flow fluctuations are more extreme than artificially-induced fluctuations,...
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salmon mitigation insisted on more research before undertaking the most costly salmon recovery efforts, and sometimes for good reason. Fish managers, who thought they already knew that flow augmentation and hatchery supplementation were positive...
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Nevertheless, during the 1980s these elements were often glossed over, and adaptive management too easily became a code word for passive data collection.
Problems of coordination. Organized learning requires an enormous effort of...
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among scientists and managers than ever before. By 1995, all of the basin's recovery plans, Return to the River, and the National Research Council's Upstream report urged an adaptive approach.21
Other essential pieces of an adaptive management...
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The 1995-1995 memorandum of agreement that established a budget for Bonneville fish and wildlife funding24 also imposes a budget discipline that should create new pressure for accountable fish and wildlife investments. By establishing a fixed fund...
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and so the money must be poorly managed. Others are concerned that no single entity has responsibility for these investments and so no one can be held accountable. Some think that True Science, if we would only let it loose, would tell us exactly...
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Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project29 on eastside forests are unique experiments, which attempt to bring science and policy development together to address difficult and controversial natural resource issues. There is obvious...
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ecosystem information. For example, the National Marine Fisheries Service, a Department of Commerce agency, is developing a new framework for describing and identifying essential fish habitat under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation Act.30...
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detail. It is hard to imagine that these elements can't combine with federal expertise developed in forest ecosystem planning and the System Operation Review to provide a fuller conceptual picture of the Columbia River Basin ecosystem.
6....
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help species by encouraging habitat conservation planning, but it also gambles on the validity of current expertise and judgment. If the plan turns out to be wrong, the species will bear the consequences.
Adaptive management faces a similar...
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help species by encouraging habitat conservation planning, but it also gambles on the validity of current expertise and judgment. If the plan turns out to be wrong, the species will bear the consequences.
Adaptive management faces a similar...
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rather than by public officials."32 For decades, state water agencies' primary task was to issue diversion permits, not to manage water as a public resource. By 1898, claimants to the Boise River had asserted rights to 6,361,800 miners' inches of...
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and other matters.38 State legislatures control purse strings. State courts play a vital role in the continuing evolution of water law.39 In these respects, the states are a logical focus for tributary water issues.
At the same time, however,...
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But if the states are ill-equipped to take an ecologically-based approach to water management, the federal water agencies are hardly better situated. Congress long ago conceded most water-allocation authority to the states, which have in turn...
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water freed up by conservation projects to be dedicated to instream uses? 50 Without answers to these questions, can the Bureau play much of a role in tributary water issues in which ecosystem issues are central?
The Federal Energy Regulatory...
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If state and federal programs have limitations, coordination between the two jurisdictions is often spotty. While federal and regional policy makers consider major investments for ecosystem recovery in the river's mainstem, the state water-rights...
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for better or worse, in terms of the future rather than the past, such a guarding of the flame has an aura of defeat. The small towns, the ranches, the family farms have come to share with the Indian reservations and the Hispanic villages...
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b. Looking for Common Ground in Watersheds.—The prospect that there may be common ground among federal, state, tribal and local interests is what gives local watershed initiatives their appeal. The watershed efforts surveyed in section V of this...
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Degree of management. Return to the River encourages "restoration of natural vegetation and ecological processes that create and maintain fish habitat." 57 In an area like the Grande Ronde, this might mean reattaching streams to their floodplains,...
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ridgetop. Can the actions of government agencies, regulators and land managers, be integrated into a single subbasin watershed strategy, so that they reinforce and complement each other? Will this result in setting and meeting standards consistent...
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Funding Projects or Process. Watershed recovery initiatives are always short on patience. Fish stocks are close to disappearing, while the worst habitat problems are easy to identify. The first fixes appear straightforward: remove blockages,...
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'commitments, the biological end of watershed efforts may be disappointing. This suggests the value of the approach Bonneville has taken in the Grande Ronde, funding the development of analytical, monitoring and evaluation tools that can be...
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