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Oregon Digital
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full environmental and economic costs of energy alternatives; emphasize energy conservation, renewable energy development and high efficiency generation; and include a program to offset the effects of the dams on salmon and other fish and wildlife...
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for structural solutions at the Mid-Columbia hydropower projects and securing flow protections for Hanford Reach fall chinook, one of the most productive populations in the river.81
Seeking to complement these activities, the Northwest Power Act...
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programs and to adjust subsequent efforts accordingly.83 Because of concerns over the effects of hatcheries, adaptive management was especially important in implementing artificial production projects. Other parts of the program called for...
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Columbia River flows had centered on the concepts of "minimum" and "optimum" flows for salmon, each of which would involve significant shifts of water from hydropower operations. Both concepts "evoked bitter feelings and controversy within the...
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managers and neglected the "tails" of the migration, which tended to be wild fish. It also provided no flow augmentation for summer-migrating salmon and fall chinook.
The Vernita Bar settlement. One of the important water initiatives of the...
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Spill. One of the ways to allow juvenile fish to get past dams safely is to send them through the dam's spillway instead of through the turbines. Serious problems with nitrogen super-saturation caused by spills in the early 1970s were addressed by...
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marketing and transfers, changes in reservoir operations, and irrigation water conservation. The study, by Hydrosphere, a Colorado consulting firm, was completed in 1991.98 The study analyzed potential water sources and the laws and agreements...
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Conservation and Enhancement Act were never funded. The management proposals of the commission appointed under that Act were rejected by the Secretary of Commerce The Pacific Salmon Treaty between Canada and the United States hit a series of...
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system turned its attention to the fact that some of the basic agreements underlying the river's management would begin to expire around the turn of the century. The Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement is scheduled to expire in 2003. Under...
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promptly high-jacked by the Endangered Species Act process. As the final Environmental Impact Statement of the System Operation Review said in 1995:
While one of the primary goals of the SOR is to decide on a coordinated operating strategy to...
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body of law.120 Most of the Northwest states have public trust doctrines, instream flow laws, basin-planning processes and various innovations to deal with instream flow problems.121
Oregon's 1987 Instream Water Rights Act allows out-of-stream...
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environmental values and an assessment of the appropriation's effect on local fish and wildlife and recreation.126 These criteria led to the denial of at least one permit for a hydropower project because of its local fish and wildlife and...
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(tribal, local and state) to make water planning decisions for different areas of the state, in cooperation with local interests. A Water Policy Forum, with representatives of each of the caucuses, was intended to shape state policy and address...
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flow protections usually carry junior priorities in fully appropriated rivers, enforcement of instream flow protection is spotty,137 and multiple-use basin plans tend to end up as "shelf art."138
E. Prospects for River Management in the Late...
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flow protections usually carry junior priorities in fully appropriated rivers, enforcement of instream flow protection is spotty,137 and multiple-use basin plans tend to end up as "shelf art."138
E. Prospects for River Management in the Late...
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Conservation and Enhancement Act were never funded. The management proposals of the commission appointed under that Act were rejected by the Secretary of Commerce.143 The Pacific Salmon Treaty between Canada and the United States hit a series of...
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system turned its attention to the fact that some of the basic agreements underlying the river's management would begin to expire around the turn of the century. The Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement is scheduled to expire in 2003. Under...
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promptly high jacked by the Endangered Species Act process. As the final Environmental Impact Statement of the System Operation Review said in 1995:
While one of the primary goals of the SOR is to decide on a coordinated operating strategy to...
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promptly high jacked by the Endangered Species Act process. As the final Environmental Impact Statement of the System Operation Review said in 1995:
While one of the primary goals of the SOR is to decide on a coordinated operating strategy to...
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wild,154 and wild populations seemed to be careening downhill even as aggregate salmon numbers grew. Decades of expanding hatchery programs meant that fishermen had grown to expect the large harvests that hatchery fish allow. At the same time, the...
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2. The Endangered Species Act Petitions and the Salmon Summit
The pervasive weakness in the wild runs prompted several petitions to list salmon populations under the Endangered Species Act.158 When the ESA petitions were first filed in 1990,...
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river reservoirs below the storage projects. The logic of the drawdown strategy was this: Assume the problem for Snake River salmon is the mainstem federal dams, which themselves slow the flow of water by backing the river up into broad, deep and...
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3. The 1992-1993 Biological Opinions and the Strategy for Salmon
The National Marine Fisheries Service listed Snake River sockeye salmon as endangered in late 1991,163 and Snake River chinook listings soon followed.164 With little time to...
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efforts that employ natural habitat functions where possible.169 The Strategy also called for state water management agencies to explore a regional agreement to protect instream flows for salmon and to deny new water appropriations that would harm...
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Another problem arose from high levels of spill specified in the National Marine Fisheries Service biological opinions. The spill levels were high enough at some times of the year to create gas supersaturation that can be lethal to salmon....
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