Browse by Archive
Oregon Digital
|
TURBINE — A mechanical device that converts kinetic energy of water into rotational energy, usually connected with a generator. The turbine (or water wheel) has three classifications:
Propeller Type — These can be either fixed or...
|
|
PUMPED-STORAGE PROJECTS IN THE UNITED STATES
EXISTING, UNDER CONSTRUCTION, AND PLANNED
No. and type of sets
Station
Head (m)
Manufacturers
Speed (rpm)
Generator
Turbine
Flow (m3/s)
Head (m)
Generating
Station capacity (MW)...
|
|
A REPORT POLLUTION OF
INTERSTATE
WATERS
OF THE
LOWER
COLUMBIA
RIVER
BONNEVILLE DAM
TO CATHLAMET, WASHINGTON
August 1965
DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY & POLLUTION CONTROL U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PORTLAND, OREGON
|
|
A Report
POLLUTION OF INTERSTATE WATERS
OF THE
LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER
BONNEVILLE DAM TO CATHLAMET, WASHINGTON
U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Public Health Service
Water Supply and Pollution Control Program, Pacific...
|
|
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
FIGURE I - LOCATION MAP 1
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 2
RECOMMENDATIONS 10
INTRODUCTION 12
AREA 15
BACKGROUND 17
REVIEW OF PAST STUDIES 18
WILLAMETTE RIVER 23
WATER USES 25
WATER SUPPLY 25...
|
|
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Page No.
PROGRESS IN POLLUTION ABATEMENT SINCE 1958-59 CONFERENCE 42
STATE ACTION 42
MUNICIPAL 43
INDUSTRIAL 45
COMPARISON OF 1959 AND 1964 WASTE LOADINGS 46
EFFECTS OF WASTES ON WATER QUALITY AND USES...
|
|
TABLES
Page No. TABLE I UNTREATED & RECOMMENDED WASTE LOADINGS 6
TABLE II MUNICIPAL WASTES 39
TABLE III INDUSTRIAL WASTES 0 00. 40
TABLE IV REPORTED PULP AND PAPER PRODUCTION,
LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER AND MULTNOMAH CHANNEL 41
|
|
FIGURE I
WATER SUPPLY &WATER QUALITY CONTROL STUDY
LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER
CITY LOCATIONS
U.S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE
Public Health Service
REGION IX PORTLAND,OREGON
|
|
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
The section of the Lower Columbia River from Bonneville Dam to Cathlamet, Washington, with which this report is concerned, is shown in Figure I. This 104-mile reach is more highly developed than any other...
|
|
paper mills. The concentrated sulfite waste liquor from one of these seven mills is barged for discharge to the Columbia River during critical oxygen and low-flow conditions in the Willamette River. These sources represent an average daily waste...
|
|
mills, 742 tons are produced by the sulfite process with no recovery of the base cooking chemicals. Approximately one-half of the average daily BOD loading to the river from the mills is contained in spent sulfite liquor from the 742 tons of pulp...
|
|
occurrence and severity of the slime problem. Reports of slime occurrence at drifts were received during a discharge range of 81,600 cubic feet per second (cfs) to 437,130 cfs and a temperature range of 5.6° C. to 21.10 C. The most severe...
|
|
TABLE I
COLUMBIA RIVER - CAMAS TO LONGVIEW, WASHINGTON PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY UNTREATED AND RECOMMENDED WASTE LOADINGS
Pounds Volatile Suspended Matter/Day
Pounds 5 day BOD /Day
Reported Discharge
With Primary Treatment
Reported...
|
|
1. Slime interferes with commercial and sport fishing by fouling nets and gear.
2. The wastes from the pulp and paper industry are primarily responsible for this problem. The additional wastes resulting from increased production since 1959 have...
|
|
Nearly half of the average daily BOD loading is contributed by three mills using the sulfite process with no recovery of the base cooking chemicals.
6. A slime concentration that severely interferes with commercial and sport fishing develops...
|
|
Sewage and industrial wastes discharged to the Lower Columbia River cause pollution in the interstate waters of the Columbia River which endangers the health or welfare of persons in Oregon and Washington and, therefore, is subject to abatement...
|
|
RECOMMENDATIONS
Fiber and soluble organic material contribute to the damaging slime problem in the Columbia River. By far the greatest amounts of both causative agents are contained in pulp and paper mill wastes discharged to the river. To...
|
|
3. The remaining pollutional load reaching the river from the pulp and paper industry will consist of residual wastes from the several pulp and paper processes employed by individual mills located along this reach of the Columbia River. A...
|
|
INTRODUCTION
In 1958, a conference (1) in the matter of pollution of the interstate waters of the Lower Columbia River was held under the provisions of Section 8 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The conference was reconvened in...
|
|
reasonable dilution and mixture with receiving waters, does not cause the formation of sludge beds and does not interfere with the specified legitimate uses.
"Slimes: The limit of such material is as follows:
"The presence of Sphaerotilus in...
|
|
Control Commission, and the U. S. Public Health Service, was formed to implement an action program adopted by the conferees. It is the responsibility of this group to formulate plans for joint studies, to evaluate and recommend acceptance or...
|
|
AREA
The section of the Lower Columbia River from Bonneville Dam to Cathlamet, Washington, with which this report is concerned, is shown in Figure I. This 104-mile reach is more highly developed than any other comparable length of the main...
|
|
makes it one of the important regional transportation and distribution centers of the Pacific Coast.
This section of the Columbia is subject to tidal action as far up-stream as Bonneville Dam. The tidal range at Portland is small, not exceeding...
|
|
BACKGROUND
For more than 25 years the quality of the waters of the Lower Columbia River has been adversely affected by periodically abundant slime growths which flourish on nutrient materials contained in wastes discharged along the 80-mile...
|
